East Side Conifers

Ponderosa Pine
  – Pinus ponderosa

Needles: Long, bundles of 3

Cones: Egg shaped with prickles on scales

Bark: Orange puzzle pieces

Where: Below 5000 ft (1500 m)

Western Juniper
 – Juniperus occidentalis

Leaves: Scaled, groups of 3, some awl-like

Cones: Small blue berries

Bark: Brown, becoming gray, flaky

Where: Dry areas

Douglas Fir
 – Pseudotsuga menziesii

Needles: All around twig, soft points

Cones: 3-pointed bracts

Bark: Gray-brown, deep furrows on large trunks

Where: Below 5000 ft (1500 m)

Grand Fir
  – Abies grandis

Needles:  Flattened on twig, white lines below

Cones: Upright at the tree top

Bark: Smooth, gray, small furrows on large trunks

Where: Below 5000 ft (1500 m)

Lodgepole Pine
  – Pinus contorta

Needles: Bundles of 2

Cones: Egg shape and size

Bark: Dark gray, scaly

Where: Along the coast and above 3000 ft. (900 m) in the mountains

Incense Cedar
 – Calocedrus decurrens

Leaves: Long, flat scales

Cones: Shaped like a duck's bill

Bark: Brown with deep furrows

Where: Dry areas of Cascades

Western Larch
 – Larix occidentalis

Needles: Bundles of 25

Cones: Rounded scales, whiskers

Bark: Flaky scales, furrowed

Where: East of the Cascade crest, up to 6000 ft (1800 m)

Engelmann Spruce
 – Picea engelmannii

Needles: Sharp, 4-sided, all around twig

Cones: Douglas fir size, paper-thin scales

Bark: Gray, scaly

Where: East of the Cascade crest above 3000 ft (900 m)

Western White Pine
 – Pinus monticola

Needles: Bundles of 5

Cones: Banana shape and size

Bark: Furrowed with scaly plates, gray

Where: Up to 5000 ft (1500 m)

Sugar Pine
 – Pinus lambertiana

Needles: Bundles of 5

Cones: Large, up to 20" (50 cm) long

Bark: Gray-brown with furrows

Where:  Cascades and Siskiyous south of the 45th parallel

Noble Fir – Abies procera

Needles: Bent like hockey sticks

Cones: Upright at tree top, whiskery bracts

Bark: Gray-brown, becoming furrowed

Where: Above 2000 ft (600 m)

Pacific Silver Fir
 – Abies amabilis

Needles: Point up & forward, white lines below

Cones: Upright at treetop

Bark: Smooth, gray scaly plates

Where: Above 3000 ft (900 m)

Alaska Cedar
 – Callitropsis nootkatensis

Leaves: Short, scaled with flaring tips

Cones: Round

Bark: Gray-brown, shreddy strips

Where: Above 3000 ft (900 m)

Mountain Hemlock
 – Tsuga mertensiana

Needles: Short, flat, spread in all
directions

Cones: 2" (5 cm) long. Rounded scales

Bark: Gray, small deep furrows

Where: Above 4000 ft (1200 m)

Subalpine Fir
 – Abies lasiocarpa

Needles: Curved upward, white lines above & below

Cones: Upright at tree top, purple

Bark: Smooth, gray

Where: Above 4000 ft (1200 m)

Whitebark Pine
 – Pinus albicaulis

Needles: Bundles of 5

Cones: Up to 3" (8 cm) long, closed when mature

Bark: Light gray, scaly

Where: At the timberline

Western Hemlock
–Tsuga heterophylla

Needles: Short, flat, irregular, white lines below

Cones: Small. Rounded scales

Bark: Gray, small furrows

Where: Below 4000 ft (1200 m)

Western Red Cedar
– Thuja plicata

Leaves: Flat, scaled, white butterflies below

Cones: Tiny. Rose-shaped

Bark: Brown, stringy

Where: Wet areas below 5000 ft (1500 m)

Pacific Yew – Taxus brevifolia

Needles: Flat, flattened on twig, lighter green underneath

Fruit: Red berry-like aril

Bark: Thin gray scales over smooth red bark

Where: Wet shady areas below 5000 ft (1500 m

Common Juniper
 – Juniperus communis

Needles:  Awl shaped, under 1"

Cones: Small blue berries

Bark: Brown

Where: Alpine areas, growing as a low spreading shrub.

Limber Pine
 – Pinus flexilis

Needles: Bundles of 5, 2-3" long

Cones: 3-7" long, open when mature

Bark: Light gray, becoming brown and furrowed

Where: Wallowa Mountains

Rocky Mountain Juniper
 – Juniperus scopulorum

Needles: Scaled, in opposite pairs

Cones: Small blue berries

Bark: Brown with shredded scales

Where: Dry areas in mountains east of the Cascades